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David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research
The David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research ( ; also referred to as the Koch Institute, KI, or CCR/KI) is a cancer research center affiliated with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. The Institute is one of eight National Cancer Institute-designated basic research centers in the United States.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cancer Centers Program - MIT Center for Cancer Research )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Koch Institute - Frequently Asked Questions )〕
The Institute was launched in October 2007 with a $100 million grant from David H. Koch and the research facility opened in December 2010, replacing the MIT Center for Cancer Research (CCR). The Institute is affiliated with 25 MIT faculty members in both the Schools of Engineering and Science.
==History==
In 1974, the Center for Cancer Research was founded by 1969 Nobel Laureate Salvador Luria to study basic biological processes related to cancer. The Center researches the genetic and molecular basis of cancer, how alterations in cellular processes affect cell growth and behavior, and how the immune system develops and recognizes antigens.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Annual Reports to the President, 1994–1995: Center for Cancer Research )〕 The CCR was both a physical research center as well as an organizing body for the larger MIT cancer research community of over 500 researchers.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Annual Reports to the President, 2006–2007: Center for Cancer Research )〕 Financial support for the CCR primarily came from Center Core grant from the National Canter Institute as well as research project grants from the National Institutes of Health, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and foundation support. The CCR research groups were successful in identifying oncogenes, immunology of T lymphocytes, and roles of various cellular proteins. The CCR produced four Nobel Laureates: David Baltimore (1975), Susumu Tonegawa (1987), Phillip Sharp (1993), and H. Robert Horvitz (2002).〔
In 2006, President Susan Hockfield announced plans for a new CCR center to support and expand cancer research performed by biologists and engineers.〔 A $20 million grant was made by the Ludwig Fund, part of Ludwig Cancer Research, in November 2007 to support a Center for Molecular Oncology to be administered by the CCR. In 2007, MIT announced it had received a $100 million gift from David H. Koch, the executive vice president of the oil conglomerate Koch Industries. Koch graduated from MIT with bachelor's and master's degrees in chemical engineering and served on the university's board of directors since 1988. Koch survived a prostate cancer diagnosis in 1992, previously donated $25 million over ten years to MIT to support cancer research, and is the namesake of the university's biology building. Half of the gift will go towards construction of the estimated $240–$280 million facility and half will pay for research, on the condition that MIT builds the center even if fund raising falls short.〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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